Priestly Robes Chapter1
IHAVE received the cloth for a lined robe and cloth for an unlined robe. Food sustains life and clothing covers our bodies. Those who bestow food on sentient beings invite the reward of long life, while those who steal food from people incur the retribution of a shortened life. Those who refuse to give clothing to people will experience the retribution of nakedness in existence after existence. Among those in the six paths, living beings from the world of human beings on down are all born naked, while beings of the heavenly realm are born wearing garments that freely change shape. Among those in the six paths, such beings as deer not only are born without garments, but because they once stole people’s clothing, they now receive the retribution of having their own skins peeled off and thus make up for that offense.
And even in the realm of human beings, the nun Bright White1 was born dressed in a robe. In Buddhism too no practice of teachings may be carried out without one’s robes. That is the reason Shakyamuni received a robe from his foster mother, the nun Mahāprajāpatī, and attained enlightenment. He also allowed all the monks to take up the three robes.
It is said that if a monk of inferior capacity is unable to acquire a supply of food and robes he will never reach the state of arhat. In particular, the Lotus Sutra tells of the robe of gentleness and patience2 and regards this robe as the basis of practice. Also, when it says that the Buddha covers the votary of the Lotus Sutra with the robe, this attests further to its significance.
Background
Nichiren Daishonin is thought either to have written this letter at Minobu in 1280, or, as another view suggests, when he was in exile on Sado Island in 1273. The recipient is believed to have been a woman, judging from the contents of the letter. Her name is unknown. Expressing his thanks, the Daishonin says that the robe is inseparable from Buddhist practice and that in particular the robe of gentleness and patience as described in the Lotus Sutra is seen as the very basis of practice. And the Daishonin assures her that the Lotus Sutra alone offers the promise of Buddhahood to women, and that since this is attested to by all the Buddhas, surely she too will enjoy this benefit.
Notes
1. The daughter of a wealthy man in Kapilavastu, she was a disciple of Shakyamuni Buddha.
2. The robe of gentleness and patience is described in the “Teacher of the Law” chapter of the Lotus Sutra. This chapter says that those who wish to expound the Lotus Sutra after the Thus Come One’s extinction should “enter the Thus Come One’s room, put on the Thus Come One’s robe, sit in the Thus Come One’s seat . . .” The “Thus Come One’s robe,” says the chapter, “is the mind that is gentle and forbearing.” A gentle and forbearing mind enables one to uphold the Law while bearing insult with grace and equanimity. The sutra also says, “Gentleness and patience are the robe.”